What You Missed from COP26

Caitlin Pallett on 1 December 2021

Last month, the world’s superpowers met in Glasgow to discuss a topic on everyone’s minds: climate change and what can we do about it? For some, COP26 was a great success; for other’s it felt like we’d once again achieved nothing. Whatever your thoughts, here are some initiatives that flew under the radar. 

Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance:

Launched by Denmark and Costa Rica, this alliance will require countries to set a definitive end date for licensing new oil and gas. Members will also need to draw up plans to phase out existing use of oil and gas. 

The absence of major oil and gas producers during the launch of this initiative, such as the UK, US and Russia, raised a few eyebrows, but Danish Climate and Energy Minister Dan Jorgensen is hopeful that the alliance will grow quickly The current members have stated that although they do not produce masses of oil and coal, their pledge to the alliance will ensure that natural land is preserved and not used for drilling.  

Zero-emissions Vehicles Declaration:

The UK has set its own target to stop selling vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICE) by 2040 and led discussions about the Global Declaration on Zero-emission vehicles. Over 30 countries and businesses have now agreed to stop selling ICE vehicles by 2040. The three largest car markets: the US, Germany, and China, are yet to sign, but some businesses and geographic regions within these nations have signed independently. 

There are similar initiatives, which aim to reduce the carbon footprint of the public transport and aviation sector. Signatories of the “Count Us In Declaration” will stop selling ICE buses by 2030 and 18 nations, representing 40% of current aviation emissions, have adopted pre-2050 aviation targets that could be vital in keeping warming to 1.5°C. 

Green Shipping Corridors:

The launch of the Clydebank Declaration will see the creation of six green shipping corridors between global ports as trial locations for emerging clean transport technologies. The initial corridors will be relatively short but long-haul routes are likely to be added by 2030. 

The declaration has been signed by 20 nations, including the UK and the US. The technologies that will be tested along these green shipping routes include hydrogen, ammonia, methanol and electrification. 

The Sustainable Agriculture Agenda:

According to the WWF, agricultural food systems have contributed to over 30% of global carbon emissions and two thirds of biodiversity loss to date. In an attempt to “put people, nature and climate at the core of our food systems,” 45 countries have signed on to a new Policy Action Agenda, which aims to help policymakers create a low-carbon, deforestation-free and fair-trade food production system. In support of this, the World Economic Fund is planning to launch a new initiative to help 100 million farmers access funding and new technology. 

Supermarkets have also pledged to reduce the negative impacts that food systems have on nature and the climate. The Co-op, M&S, Sainsbury’s, Tesco, and Waitrose have all committed to halve the environmental impact of supply chains and have set deforestation, food waste, marine and land stewardship and packaging targets for 2030. Their progress will be reported annually and monitored by the WWF. 

The Global Centre on Biodiversity for Climate

UN Secretary-General, Antonio Guterres, stated that countries have consistently treated nature “like a toilet” throughout history and urged them to start treating biodiversity conservation as a priority. The UK has pledged to deliver £3 billion for the International Climate Finance on Nature and Biodiversity. £40 million of this will be used to establish a Global Centre on Biodiversity for Climate. This Global Centre will research new methods of biodiversity conservation and how biodiversity can contribute to decarbonisation. The rest will go towards other projects, including conserving five hectares of rainforest, and developing sustainable forest supply chains in the tropics, ensuring that biodiversity globally is respected and protected. 

Clean Air Day 2020: What can we do to tackle pollution?

Farida Augustine on 9 October 2020

October 8th 2020 marked Clean Air Day 2020 , the UK’s largest air pollution campaign led by Global Action Plan, a charity working towards a “green and thriving planet.”

Last year’s celebrations saw more than 3,700 organisations and hundreds of thousands people across the UK take part in 614 events.

The campaign aims to bring together communities, businesses, schools and health professional to combat air pollution.

It also aims to raise awareness about air pollution and it’s damaging effect upon our health, by providing actionable steps we can all take to improve air quality.

While the nationwide campaign usually takes place in June, it was postponed to October due to the pandemic with a lot of the activities taking place virtually this year.

Air pollution is a growing and pressing problem which affects the health of millions of people, from unborn babies to the elderly.

The problem is particularly acute in bustling cities like Leeds, one of Europe’s most polluted urban areas.

Research has shown that people living in UK cities and towns  such as Leeds are “25 times more likely” to die from air pollution than road traffic road accidents.

Around 300 people die each year, due to long term exposure to toxins in the air such as tiny PM2.5 particles.

These particles come from a range of sources such as petrol/diesel vehicles and wood burning stoves. Due to their size, they can easily enter the lungs and circulatory system. This can subsequently increase the risk of serious illnesses and worsen many existing conditions such as respiratory disorders.

What is the University of Leeds doing to tackle this problem ?

In 2017, the former Vice-Chancellor, Sir Alan Langlands signed the Clean Air Leeds pledge to demonstrate the University’s commitment to improving air quality in the city and encourage behavioural change at both an organisational and individual level.

Dr Kirsty Pringle and Dr Jim McQuaid, both from the School of Earth and Environment are taking part in a new Born in Bradford (BiB) research programme funded by the National Institute for Health Research.

The study, called BiB Breathes works with primary school children across Bradford to measure the levels of pollutions and the overall impact upon health.

 Dr Pringle stated “the University of Leeds is currently working on ways to develop low-cost portable particulate matter sensors,” that students can easily  carry around with them on their commute to and from school at regular intervals over a two-year period.

She went on to add that: “The idea is that we will measure before and after the planned introduction of Bradford Clean Air Zone that aims to reduce air pollution in the city centre.  Then we can investigate the effect that the Clean Air Zone has on children’s exposure to pollution, and the BiB team can look at additional health factors and examine if children’s health improves.”

Dr McQuaid, emphasised the effects of air pollution on children and unborn babies:  “Overall, it’s very difficult to quantify, but everything suggests that a child growing up exposed to air pollution is not going to live as long a life.”

What can students do?

We spoke to Meegan, a third-year sustainability and environmental management student, who is working at Born in Bradford as an air quality research assistant. She shared some practical ways that students can tackle air pollution:

  • Be self-aware of how you travel to places and what your pollution output is
  • Do more research about air quality, it doesn’t have to be in too much depth but of you know the health risks around breathing polluted air that would raise your awareness of what is happening.
  • Contact your local MP about your concerns about your concerns around  air pollution and assure you that the council will do more to help with this.

Dr Pringle also shared some of her own tips for students:

“Cars are clearly an important source of air pollution, especially in the city centre, for those students that do drive it is worth considering if you can either walk or bike for short journeys instead of driving. “

“Fires are actually a big source of pollution; in winter woodburning stoves create a lot of pollution especially on cold still winter days when the pollution tends to accumulate at the surface, close to where it is emitted, leading to high concentrations of pollutants.  This is important as of course it is air near the surface that we breathe!”